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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >Calibrating a model to 30 years of data to capture the accumulation of chloride from winter deicers in a shallow aquifer
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Calibrating a model to 30 years of data to capture the accumulation of chloride from winter deicers in a shallow aquifer

机译：Calibrating a model to 30 years of data to capture the accumulation of chloride from winter deicers in a shallow aquifer

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Winter deicers are a major source of chloride contamination to shallow aquifers innorthern latitudes. In the greater Chicago area of northeast Illinois, chloride hasbeen accumulating for decades and in many places now exceeds the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency secondary standard of 250 mg/L. MODFLOW-NWTand MT3D-USGSwere used to simulate the accumulation of chloride with30 years of data in the shallow aquifer of Will County in northeast Illinois. This aquiferis composed of unconsolidated sediments, largely from glacial deposits, overlying afractured dolomite bedrock. To calibrate to observed heads and chloride, the modelneeded refined geologic features, higher chloride concentrations on cells representingcommercial or industrial lands, lower chloride concentrations on cells representingroads, and point source areas to speed chloride's emergence in the aquifer. Thesepoint sources are locally significant and could represent different anthropogenic orgeologic features, such as municipal stormwater infrastructure. Future simulations indicatethat chloride is not at steady state in the shallow aquifer and wells are at riskof exceeding the secondary standard if winter deicing applications are not reduced.It may take decades for the full impacts of reduced deicing rates to be observed inwells, owing to the long residence time of water in the aquifer. This transient modelcalibration was possible because of the 30-yeardataset collected by communities andgovernment agencies.

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