Rewilding is an ecological restoration concept that promotes the natural recovery of ecosystems, through (initial) active or passive removal of human influence. To support the application of rewilding approaches in rivers and their watersheds, we propose a framework to assess 'rewilding potential' based on measurement of basic river ecosystem functions (e.g. restoring flood and nutrient pulses), including examples of specific indicators for these processes. This includes a discussion of the challenges in implementing rewilding projects, such as lack of spatio-temporal data coverage for certain ecosystem functions or tackling ongoing problems once active management is removed. We aim to stimulate new thinking on the restoration of wild rivers, and also provide an annotated bibliography of rewilding studies to support this.
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