How the geometry and mechanics of bighorn sheep horns mitigate the effects of impact and reduce the head injury criterion

Wheatley Benjamin B.; Gilmore Emma C.; Fuller Luca H.Drake Aaron M.Donahue Seth W.

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How the geometry and mechanics of bighorn sheep horns mitigate the effects of impact and reduce the head injury criterion

机译：How the geometry and mechanics of bighorn sheep horns mitigate the effects of impact and reduce the head injury criterion

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Male bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) participate in seasonal ramming bouts that can last for hours, yet they do not appear to suffer significant brain injury. Previous work has shown that the keratin-rich horn and boney horncore may play an important role in mitigating brain injury by reducing brain cavity accelerations through energy dissipating elastic mechanisms. However, the extent to which specific horn shapes (such as the tapered spiral of bighorn sheep) may reduce accelerations post-impact remains unclear. Thus, the goals of this work were to (a) quantify bighorn sheep horn shape, particularly the cross-sectional areal properties related to bending that largely dictate post-impact deformations, and (b) investigate the effects of different tapered horn shapes on reducing post-impact accelerations in an impact model with finite element analysis. Cross-sectional areal properties indicate bighorn sheep horns have a medial-lateral bending preference at the horn tip (p = 0.006), which is likely to dissipate energy through medial-lateral horn tip oscillations after impact. Finite element modeling showed bighorn sheep native horn geometry reduced the head injury criterion (HIC15) by 48% compared to horns with cross-sections rotated by 90 degrees to have a cranial-caudal bending preference, and by 125% compared to a circular tapered spiral model. These results suggest that the tapered spiral horn shape of bighorn sheep is advantageous for dissipating energy through elastic mechanisms following an impact. These findings can be used to broadly inform the design of improved safety equipment and impact systems.

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《Bioinspiration & biomimetics》 |2023年第2期|共13页
作者
Wheatley Benjamin B.; Gilmore Emma C.; Fuller Luca H.Drake Aaron M.Donahue Seth W.;
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作者单位

Bucknell Univ;

Univ Massachusetts Amherst;

Funct First Innovat Design LLC;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类生物工程学（生物技术）;
关键词
Ovis canadensis; impact biomechanics; finite element analysis; bioinspired design; chronic traumatic encephalopathy; OVIS-CANADENSIS; FOOTBALL; BIOMECHANICS; CONCUSSIONS; DESIGN; BONE;

How the geometry and mechanics of bighorn sheep horns mitigate the effects of impact and reduce the head injury criterion

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