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Low Hysteresis Hydrogel Induced by Spatial Confinement

机译：Low Hysteresis Hydrogel Induced by Spatial Confinement

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摘要

Stress concentration and hysteresis often occur in polymer hydrogels underlarge deformation, affecting their mechanical properties, and durability.Here, a new spatial confinement gelation strategy is proposed for fabricationof hysteresis-free polymer hydrogels, and stress concentration is avoided.Experimental results and theoretical calculations confirm that the hydratabilitydifference between salts and polymer chains leads to spatial confinementof the polymer chains by control over the ratio of bound to free water.Spatial confinement acts in place of physical cross-linking of polymer chains,which slide to dissipate energy and effectively avoid stress concentration andhysteresis, resulting in ultra-tough hydrogels with fatigue resistance. Thisis also a universal strategy for preparing polymer hydrogels with differentmonomers and salts. Taking the prepared PAM-CaCl_2 hydrogel, it displays ahysteresis of only 0.13% during load-unload cycles, even under 1000% strain.This is the lowest value among hydrogels reported to date. Along with excellentfatigue resistance, water retention, antifreeze, and water-assisted healingability, this hydrogel shows good performance in fatigue resistant capacitivestrain sensors. Moreover, a fishtail-shaped PAM-CaCl_2 hydrogel operates as abionic muscle to drive a bionic fish at a forward speed of 16.3 cm s~(?1), when avoltage of 0.1 V is applied.

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