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Electrolyte Optimization and Interphase Regulation for Significantly Enhanced Storage Capability in Ca-Metal Batteries

机译:Electrolyte Optimization and Interphase Regulation for Significantly Enhanced Storage Capability in Ca-Metal Batteries

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摘要

Electrolyte solvent, salt, and additive directly determine many battery indicators such as voltage limit, safe reliability, and temperature limit. In Ca-metal batteries, suitable electrolyte and interphase are necessary to achieve reversible calcium plating/stripping, which is challenging for F-based salts at room temperature. Ion transport and charge transfer in calcium batteries with Ca(BF4)(2)-NaPF6 electrolyte are regulated for the first time by altering solvent and salt categories and ratios, achieving adjustable interphase species and microstructure, calcium deposition/dissolution overpotentials, and cycling stability. The optimized electrolyte of 0.1 m Ca(BF4)(2)-0.9 m NaPF6 in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (7:1:6:6, v/v) contributes to the most stable Ca plating/stripping cycling and the weakest overpotential, as well as Na/Ca-based hybrid solid electrolyte interphases including proper amount of organic matter. Ca-metal batteries with the optimized electrolyte achieve an ultrahigh reversible capacity of approximate to 290 mAh g(-1) (at 200 mA g(-1) and 1.2-4.5 V), almost four times more than that of counterpart ones (approximate to 65 mAh g(-1)), equivalent to energy/power performance of approximate to 616 Wh kg(-1) at 429 W kg(-1) among the best ones for multivalent ion rechargeable metal batteries.

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