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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology: ES&T >Application of Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment for Destruction ofPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contaminated Groundwaterand Soil
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Application of Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment for Destruction ofPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contaminated Groundwaterand Soil

机译：Application of Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment for Destruction ofPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contaminated Groundwaterand Soil

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摘要

Hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT) caneffectively degrade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)present in aqueousfilm-forming foam (AFFF). However,information is lacking regarding the treatment of PFASs in actualgroundwater and soil from AFFF-impacted sites, especially forcomplex soil matrices. Given the lack of studies on direct soiltreatment for PFAS destruction, we herein applied HALT to twogroundwater samples and three soil samples from AFFF-impactedsites and characterized the destruction of PFASs using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results showed that the 148 PFASsidentified in all collectedfield samples, including 10 cationic, 98anionic, and 40 zwitterionic PFASs, were mostly degraded tonondetectable levels within 90 min when treated with 5 M NaOHat 350 degrees C. The near-complete defluorination, as evidenced byfluoride release measurements, confirmed the complete destruction ofPFASs. While many structures, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and polyfluorinated substances, were readily degraded,perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs, CnF2n+1-SO3-), most notably with short chain lengths (n=3-5), were more recalcitrant. Rates ofPFSA destruction in groundwater samples were similar to those measured in laboratory water solutions, but reactions in soil wereslow, presumably due to base-neutralizing properties of the soil. Further, the degradation of PFASs in groundwaters and soils wasfound to be a function of reaction temperature, NaOH concentration, and reaction time. Thesefindings have important implicationsfor the remediation of AFFF-impacted sites.

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