Exposure to cytotoxic drugs, which are often genotoxic, carcinogenic or reprotoxic, poses a severe risk to the health of healthcare professionals and other professionals. Occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs mainly occurs through cutaneous absorption from contaminated work surfaces, but also through splashes onto mucous membranes, inhalation of aerosols, or even ingestion if hygiene is poor. Occupational exposure is evaluated by assaying cytotoxic drugs or their metabolites in urine (biological monitoring) and through surface wipe testing to identify potential sources of exposure. All professionals in healthcare facilities who handle cytotoxic drugs or have contact with patients receiving cytotoxic drugs, including domestic services staff, are at risk of exposure. In some cases, the risk extends to other professionals, such as couriers who transport cytotoxic preparations. Prevention of such exposure requires implementation of rigorous preventive measures, along with training and regular refresher courses for all personnel.
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