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Variation in migration behaviors used by Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) breeding across a wide latitudinal gradient

机译：Variation in migration behaviors used by Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) breeding across a wide latitudinal gradient

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摘要

Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) share a few routes to undertake the longest annual migrations of any organism. To understand how the wide spatial range of their breeding colonies may affect their migration strategies (e.g., departure date), we tracked 53 terns from five North American colonies distributed across 30 degrees of latitude and 90 degrees of longitude. While birds from all colonies arrived in Antarctic waters at a similar time, terns nesting in the Arctic colonies migrated back north more slowly and arrived to their breeding grounds later than those nesting in the colony farther south. Arrival dates in Antarctic waters coincided with the start of favorable foraging conditions (i.e., increased ocean productivity), and similarly arrival dates at breeding colonies coincided with the start of local favorable breeding conditions (i.e., disappearance of snow and ice). Larger birds followed a more direct southbound migration route than smaller birds. On both southbound and northbound migrations, daily distances traveled declined as time spent in contact with the ocean increased, suggesting a trade-off between resting/foraging and traveling. There was more unexplained variation in behavior among individuals than among colonies, and one individual had a distinctive stop around Brazil. Terns nesting in the Arctic have a narrow time window for breeding that will likely increase with continuing declines in sea ice and snow. Departing Arctic Terns likely have few clues about the environmental conditions they will encounter on arrival, and their response to environmental changes at both poles may be assisted by large individual variation in migration strategy.

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  • 来源
    《Polar Biology》 |2022年第5期|909-922|共14页
  • 作者

    Wong Joanna B.; Lisovski Simeon; Alisauskas Ray T.English WillowHarrison Autumn-LynnKellett Dana K.Maftei MarkNagy-MacArthur AveryRonconi Robert A.Smith Paul A.Mallory Mark L.Auger-Methe Marie;

  • 作者单位

    Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada|Swiss Ornithol Inst, Dept Bird Migrat, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland;

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine res, Polar Terr Environm Syst, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;

    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Prairie & Northern Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada|Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, CanadaCarleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaSmithsonians Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USAEnvironm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Prairie & Northern Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, CanadaHigh Arctic Gull Res Grp, Bamfield, BC V0R 3A0, CanadaAcadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, CanadaEnvironm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, CanadaEnvironm & Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaUniv British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada|Univ British Columbia, Dept Stat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;

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  • 正文语种 英语
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  • 关键词

    Migration; Arctic Terns; Individual variation; Phenology; Timing; Latitudinal variation;

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