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A General Route for Encapsulating Monodispersed Transition Metal Phosphides into Carbon Multi-Chambers toward High-Efficient Lithium-Ion Storage with Underlying Mechanism Exploration

机译:A General Route for Encapsulating Monodispersed Transition Metal Phosphides into Carbon Multi-Chambers toward High-Efficient Lithium-Ion Storage with Underlying Mechanism Exploration

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摘要

Transition metal phosphides (MP_x) with high theoretical capacities andlow cost are regarded as the most promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), but the large volume variations and sluggish kinetics largelyrestrict their development. To solve the above challenges, herein a genericbut effective method is proposed to encapsulate various monodispersedMP_x into flexible carbon multi-chambers (MP_x@NC, M=Ni, Fe, Co, andCu, etc.) with pre-reserved voids, working as anodes for LIBs and markedlyboosting the Li~+ storage performance. Ni_2P@NC, one representativeexample of MP_x@NC anode, shows high reversible capacity (613 mAh g~(?1),200 cycles at 0.2 A g~(?1)), and superior cycle stability (475 mAh g~(?1), 800 cyclesat 2 A g~(?1)). Full cell coupled with LiFePO4 displays a high reversible capacity(150.1 mAh g~(?1) at 0.1 A g~(?1)) with stable cycling performance. In situ X-raydiffraction and transmission electron microscope techniques confirm thereversible conversion reaction mechanism and robust structural integrity,accounting for enhanced rate and cycling performance. Theoretical calculationsreveal the synergistic effect between MPx and carbon shells, which cansignificantly promote electron transfer and reduce diffusion energy barriers,paving ways to design high-energy-density materials for energy storagesystems.

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