In this work, we developed a simple one-pot strategy to prepare the self-healing and adhesion nanocomposite hydrogel without crosslinking agent. The metal coordination bond between carboxyl group and Al~(3+) and the electrostatic interaction between carboxylate cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and quaternary ammonium xylan (QAX) had a positive influence on the mechanical strength of nanocomposite hydrogel, in which the maximum tensile strength and elongation at break of composite hydrogel were 31.1 kPa and 2971%, respectively. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited rapid self-healing properties, and the healing efficiency reached 95% within 2 h. In addition, the nanocomposite hydrogel possessed adhesion and could adhere to different materials. The hydrogel can detect the changes of human skin during the movement due to its ionic conductivity properties caused by addition of Al~(3+). We expect that this strategy may enrich the applications of biomass hydrogels in the field of wearable devices.
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