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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. >Racial residential segregation shapes the relationship between early childhood lead exposure and fourth-grade standardized test scores
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Racial residential segregation shapes the relationship between early childhood lead exposure and fourth-grade standardized test scores

机译：Racial residential segregation shapes the relationship between early childhood lead exposure and fourth-grade standardized test scores

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摘要

Racial/ethnic disparities in academic performance may result from a confluence of adverse exposures that arise from structural racism and accrue to specific subpopula-tions. This study investigates childhood lead exposure, racial residential segregation, and early educational outcomes. Geocoded North Carolina birth data is linked to blood lead surveillance data and fourth-grade standardized test scores (n = 25,699). We constructed a census tract-level measure of racial isolation (RI) of the non-Hispanic Black (NHB) population. We fit generalized additive models of reading and mathematics test scores regressed on individual-level blood lead level (BLL) and neighborhood RI of NHB (RINHB). Models included an interaction term between BLL and RINHB. BLL and RINHB were associated with lower reading scores; among NHB children, an interaction was observed between BLL and RINHB. Reading scores for NHB children with BLLs of 1 to 3 μg/dL were similar across the range of RINHB values. For NHB children with BLLs of 4 μg/dL, reading scores were similar to those of NHB children with BLLs of 1 to 3 μg/dL at lower RINHB values (less racial isolation/segregation). At higher RINHB levels (greater racial isolation/segregation), children with BLLs of 4 μg/dL had lower reading scores than children with BLLs of 1 to 3 μg/dL. This pattern becomes more marked at higher BLLs. Higher BLL was associated with lower mathematics test scores among NHB and non-Hispanic White (NHW) children, but there was no evidence of an interaction. In conclusion, NHB children with high BLLs residing in high RINHB neighborhoods had worse reading scores.

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