Thirdhand Exposures to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines through Inhalation,Dust Ingestion,Dermal Uptake,and Epidermal Chemistry

Xiaochen Tang; Neal Benowitz; Lara Gundel

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Thirdhand Exposures to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines through Inhalation,Dust Ingestion,Dermal Uptake,and Epidermal Chemistry

机译：Thirdhand Exposures to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines through Inhalation,Dust Ingestion,Dermal Uptake,and Epidermal Chemistry

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Tobacco-specific nitrosamines(TSNAs) are emitted during smoking and form indoors by nitrosation of nicotine.Two of them,N'-nitrosonornicotine(NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone(NNK),are human carcinogens with No Significant Risk Levels(NSRLs) of 500 and 14 ng day-1,respectively.Another TSNA,4-(methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl) butanal(NNA),shows genotoxic and mutagenic activity in vitro.Here,we present additional evidence of genotoxicity of NNA,an assessment of TSNA dermal uptake,and predicted exposure risks through different pathways.Dermal uptake was investigated by evaluating the penetration of NNK and nicotine through mice skin.Comparable mouse urine metabolite profiles suggested that both compounds were absorbed and metabolized via similar mechanisms.We then investigated the effects of skin constituents on the reaction of adsorbed nicotine with nitrous acid(epidermal chemistry).Higher TSNA concentrations were formed on cellulose and cotton substrates that were precoated with human skin oils and sweat compared to clean substrates.These results were combined with reported air,dust,and surface concentrations to assess NNK intake.Five different exposure pathways exceeded the NSRL under realistic scenarios,including inhalation,dust ingestion,direct dermal contact,gas-to-skin deposition,and epidermal nitrosation of nicotine.These results illustrate potential long-term health risks for nonsmokers in homes contaminated with thirdhand tobacco smoke.

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《Environmental Science & Technology: ES&T》 |2022年第17期|12506-12516|共11页
作者
Xiaochen Tang; Neal Benowitz; Lara Gundel;
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作者单位

Indoor Environment Group,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley,California 94720,United States;

Clinical Pharmacology Program,Division of Cardiology,Department of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California 94143,United States;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类环境科学、安全科学;
关键词
nicotine; HONO; skin liquids; cancer risk; C57BL/6 mice;

Thirdhand Exposures to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines through Inhalation,Dust Ingestion,Dermal Uptake,and Epidermal Chemistry

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