At the turn of the 20th century, the newly discovered uses for x-ray technology in medicine and the emerging field of neurosurgery helped lead to the rise of a pivotal figure at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Walter Dandy. A protege of the well-known neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing and later (after Dandy and Cushing had a falling out) of the well-regarded surgeon William Stewart Halsted, Dandy entered the field in 1910 after finishing medical school at Johns Hopkins at the age of 24. He would spend the rest of his career at the same institution. Dandy completed general surgery training in 1918, with another neurosurgery pioneer, George J. Heuer, stepping in to guide him. Dandy's training in Halsted's general surgical service turned out to be a boon, because he was able to re-apply innovations from other fields of surgery to neurosurgery. Under Halsted, he had already shown his promise by adapting an endoscope used in urology for looking inside the brain.
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