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Habitat-specific diversity in Central European birds

机译：中欧鸟类特定栖息地的多样性

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CapsuleBird species richness was highest in forest and urban habitat types, lower in grassland and wetland, and lowest in cropland.AimsTo investigate bird species richness patterns across different habitat types in Czechia, Central Europe.MethodsData from a national breeding bird monitoring scheme in Czechia, based on mapping of positions of individual birds along transects, were used to express the number of species in habitat polygons. Each polygon was represented by one of the eight habitat types (coniferous, mixed and deciduous forest, cropland, grassland and other open habitat types, urban habitat, and wetland) obtained by detailed country-wide vegetation mapping. Species richness of individual polygons was related to polygon habitat type and area by linear mixed effects models, taking the surrounding land cover composition into account.ResultsBird species richness was highest in forest, as predicted, and respective forest habitat types did not differ from each other. Urban habitat hosted a similar number of species as forest. Species richness varied greatly between different open habitat types: cropland was the most species-poor of all the habitat types considered, whereas grassland and other types of open habitats hosted significantly more species, albeit fewer than forests, and did not differ from wetland. Slopes of species-area relationships in respective habitat types largely followed the patterns in species richness.ConclusionsThe observed patterns are partly driven by natural habitat characteristics, such as high vertical stratification of forest vegetation facilitating coexistence of a higher number of species. However, biogeography may also play a role, for example, and the relatively short time periods for colonization from Eastern European source areas may underpin lower bird species richness in grasslands. In addition, human interventions may drive the steep slope of the species-area relationship in forest, presumably caused by mosaic harvesting, as well as the shallow slope of this relationship in cropland and wetland, as a result of their intensive exploitation.
机译：CapsuleBird物种丰富度在森林和城市生境类型中最高，在草地和湿地中较低，在农田中最低。方法采用捷克国家繁殖鸟类监测计划的数据，基于个体鸟类沿样带位置的映射，表示生境多边形中的物种数量。每个多边形由八种生境类型（针叶林、混交林和落叶林、农田、草地和其他开放生境类型、城市生境和湿地）中的一种表示，这些生境类型是通过详细的全国植被制图获得的。考虑周边土地覆被组成，通过线性混合效应模型将单个多边形的物种丰富度与多边形生境类型和面积相关联。结果森林鸟类物种丰富度最高，且各森林生境类型间无差异。城市生境的物种数量与森林相似。不同开放生境类型的物种丰富度差异很大：农田是所有生境类型中物种最贫乏的，而草原和其他类型的开放生境拥有更多的物种，尽管少于森林，并且与湿地没有区别。各生境类型中物种-面积关系的斜率基本遵循物种丰富度的规律。结论观测到的模式部分是由自然生境特征驱动的，如森林植被的高度垂直分层有利于更多物种的共存。然而，生物地理学也可能发挥作用，例如，东欧来源地区相对较短的殖民时间可能是草原鸟类物种丰富度较低的原因。此外，人为干预可能导致森林物种-面积关系的陡峭斜坡，这可能是由马赛克采伐引起的，以及由于农田和湿地的密集开发而导致这种关系的浅坡。

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