The human visual system is capable of adapting across a very wide dynamic range of luminance levels; values up to 14 log units have been reported. However, when the bright and dark areas of a scene are presented simultaneously to an observer, the bright stimulus produces significant glare in the visual system and prevents full adaptation to the dark areas, impairing the visual capability to discriminate details in the dark areas and limiting simultaneous dynamic range. Therefore, this simultaneous dynamic range will be much smaller, due to such impairment, than the successive dynamic range measurement across various levels of steady-state adaptation. Previous indirect derivations of simultaneous dynamic range have suggested between 2 and 3.5 log units. Most recently, Kunkel and Reinhard reported a value of 3.7 log units as an estimation of simultaneous dynamic range, but it was not measured directly. In this study, simultaneous dynamic range was measured directly through a psychophysical experiment. It was found that the simultaneous dynamic range is a bright-stimulus-luminance dependent value. A maximum simultaneous dynamic range was found to be approximately 3.3 log units. Based on the experimental data, a descriptive log-linear model and a nonlinear model were proposed to predict the simultaneous dynamic range as a function of stimulus size with bright-stimulus luminance-level dependent parameters. Furthermore, the effect of spatial frequency in the adapting pattern on the simultaneous dynamic range was explored. A log parabola function, representing a traditional Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF), fitted the simultaneous dynamic range data well. (c) 2021 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
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