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首页> 外文期刊>Bird Study >Red Kites Milvus milvus wintering in their natal area: demographic, environmental, and temporary factors affecting spatiotemporal behaviour patterns
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Red Kites Milvus milvus wintering in their natal area: demographic, environmental, and temporary factors affecting spatiotemporal behaviour patterns

机译：红鸢 Milvus milvus 在其出生地越冬：影响时空行为模式的人口、环境和临时因素

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ABSTRACT Capsule Some birds of the central European population of Red Kite Milvus milvus are non-migratory and winter within their natal area, whereas others migrate to southern Europe or even to northern Africa.Aims To determine what factors affect the area use and communal roost use by Red Kites wintering in their natal area.Methods We studied spatiotemporal activity and factors affecting area use by Red Kites wintering in their natal area in the tripoint border area of Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, using GPS/GSM telemetry devices.Results We characterized home ranges used by wintering Red Kites in natal areas. Birds wintered for an average of 146 days and spent 88 of the time within temporary settlement areas (TSAs). The number of TSAs used by one Red Kite during the winter varied from 1–4 (mean ± sd = 2 ± 1); the mean (± sd) size of the home range of TSAs was 190 ± 144 km2 as a 95 minimum convex polygon, 136 ± 82 km2 as a 95 kernel density estimate, and 41 ± 34 km2 as a 50 kernel density estimate (core activity area). Age, breeding status, and percentage of forest habitat were the main factors negatively related to home range size. Winter duration and the number of TSAs were positively related to the size of the home range. Young birds (before first breeding) and males explored larger areas and used more TSAs during winter.Conclusion Wintering of Red Kites in their natal area may relate to the social refuge–territory prospecting hypothesis, breeding site fidelity, wintering site fidelity, and/or mate loyalty, and this understanding could lead to better conservation of Red Kites in central Europe.
机译：摘要 胶囊 中欧红鸢粟种群中，有的鸟类不迁徙，在产地内越冬，而其他鸟类则迁徙到南欧甚至北非。方法 采用GPS/GSM遥测设备，研究奥地利、捷克和斯洛伐克三点边境地区红鸢在出生地越冬的时空活动及其影响区域利用的因素。结果 我们表征了红鸢在出生地越冬时使用的家庭范围。鸟类平均越冬 146 天，88% 的时间在临时定居区 （TSA） 内度过。一只红风筝在冬季使用的 TSA 数量从 1-4 个不等（平均值 ± sd = 2 ± 1）;TSAs的家乡范围的平均（±标准差）大小为190 ± 144 km2（95%最小凸多边形），136 ± 82 km2（95%的核密度估计值）和41 ± 34 km2（50%的核密度估计值）（核心活动区）。年龄、繁殖状况和森林生境百分比是与家庭范围大小负相关的主要因素。冬季持续时间和TSA数量与家庭范围的大小呈正相关。幼鸽（首次繁殖前）和雄鸟在冬季探索了更大的区域并使用了更多的TSA。结论 红鸢在出生地越冬可能与社会避难-领地勘探假说、繁殖地保真度、越冬地保真度和/或配偶忠诚度有关，这种认识有助于中欧红鸢更好地保护。

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