The above articles, published in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, have been retracted by the Journal. The decision is the result of an investigation based on concerns raised by a third party. Specific concerns are as follows. First, as acknowledged by the authors, data overlap and/or copying has occurred between the two manuscripts. Second, the authors have not provided a reasonable explanation for this major problem. Third, adequate data error-checking or validation has not been provided by the authors to ensure that the remaining results presented in the papers accurately represent the sourced data. Given these facts, the Journal has lost confidence in the totality of data described in the two papers. Because of this, and because of insufficient answers to repeated inquiries, we have made the decision to retract both articles.
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