Water has numerous functions necessary for survival including cellular homeostasis, solvent properties for dissolving ions , solutes, thermoregulation , transport of waste and nutrients. De-spite the established beneficial role of water in skin physiology, the optimal methods for skin hydration and requirements for daily water consumption remain elusive. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular biology of skin hydration, the debate and current recommendations of daily water require-ments, and the latest research on interventions to improve skin hydration by both internal and external means of water exposure. We also explore the chemical properties of water, such as the concept of water "hardness" and environmental pollutants, and their impact on skin physiology. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
展开▼
