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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry / >The Amphibian Short‐Term Assay: Evaluation of a New Ecotoxicological Method for Amphibians Using Two Organophosphate Pesticides Commonly Found in Nature—Assessment of Biochemical, Morphological, and Life‐History Traits
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The Amphibian Short‐Term Assay: Evaluation of a New Ecotoxicological Method for Amphibians Using Two Organophosphate Pesticides Commonly Found in Nature—Assessment of Biochemical, Morphological, and Life‐History Traits

机译：The Amphibian Short‐Term Assay: Evaluation of a New Ecotoxicological Method for Amphibians Using Two Organophosphate Pesticides Commonly Found in Nature—Assessment of Biochemical, Morphological, and Life‐History Traits

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摘要

Amphibia is the most threatened class among vertebrates, with >40% of the species threatened with extinction.Pollution is thought to alter amphibian population dynamics. With the growing interest in behavioral ecotoxicology, theneurotoxic organophosphate pesticides are of special concern. Understanding how exposure to neurotoxics leads to behavioralalterations is of crucial importance, and mechanistic endpoints should be included in ecotoxicological methods. Inthe present study, we tested an 8‐day assay to evaluate the toxicity of two organophosphates, diazinon and chlorpyrifos, onXenopus laevis, that is, on biochemical, morphological, and life‐history traits related to locomotion capacities. The methodinvolves measuring biomarkers such as glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) and ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD; two indicatorsof the detoxifying system) in the 8‐day‐old larvae as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (involved in thenervous system) in 4‐day‐old embryos and 8‐day‐old larvae. Snout‐to‐vent length and snout‐to‐tail length of 4‐day‐oldembryos and 8‐day larvae were recorded as well as the corresponding growth rate. Fin and tail muscle widths were measuredas well for testing changes in tail shape. Both tests showed effects of both organophosphates on AChE activity; however, nochanges were observed in GST and EROD. Furthermore, exposure to chlorpyrifos demonstrated impacts on morphologicaland life‐history traits, presaging alteration of locomotor traits. In addition, the results suggest a lower sensitivity to chlorpyrifosof 4‐day‐old embryos compared to 8‐day‐old larvae. Tests on other organophosphates are needed to test thevalidity of this method for the whole organophosphate group.

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