Reality involves inelastic collisions, thus one must consider both a system's radiation and its kinematics, as part of any system's energy. Since most closed gaseous system's energy is dominated by its kinematic energy, one can often ignore its radiation energy. A closed system's energy is recycled back into the system via its walls, hence allowing statistical thermodynamics to be used as a mathematical approximation, i.e., creates the illusion of elastic collisions. This illusion exists in most experimental systems, thus reenforcing traditional theory's considerations, all of which are based upon idealistic elastic collision. In open systems there is no complete recycling of energy. Hence, the statistical based approximations can lose its validity. It is in open systems where perpetual motion does not exist, which has been traditionally explained in terms of the second law, a law whose mathematical construct is limited to systems where the illusion of elastic collisions exists. Note that other explanations will be presented. Other, illusions do exist. For example, the illusion of reversibility prevents us from realizing that the magnitude of the latent heat of vaporization is greater than that of the latent heat of condensation. This also explains Loschmidt's paradox. A new understanding for Boltzmannonstant will be given.
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