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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control >Correction for Hydrophone Spatial Averaging Artifacts for Circular Sources
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Correction for Hydrophone Spatial Averaging Artifacts for Circular Sources

机译：Correction for Hydrophone Spatial Averaging Artifacts for Circular Sources

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This article reports an investigation of an inverse-filter method to correct for experimental underestimation of pressure due to spatial averaging across a hydrophone sensitive element. The spatial averaging filter (SAF) depends on hydrophone type (membrane, needle, or fiber-optic), hydrophone geometrical sensitive element diameter, transducer driving frequency, and transducer &inline-formula& &tex-math notation="LaTeX"&${F}$ &/tex-math&&/inline-formula& number (ratio of focal length to diameter). The absolute difference between theoretical and experimental SAFs for 25 transducer/hydrophone pairs was 7% ± 3% (mean ± standard deviation). Empirical formulas based on SAFs are provided to enable researchers to easily correct for hydrophone spatial averaging errors in peak compressional pressure (&inline-formula& &tex-math notation="LaTeX"&${p}_{c}$ &/tex-math&&/inline-formula&), peak rarefactional pressure (&inline-formula& &tex-math notation="LaTeX"&${p}_{r}$ &/tex-math&&/inline-formula&), and pulse intensity integral. The empirical formulas show, for example, that if a 3-MHz, &inline-formula& &tex-math notation="LaTeX"&${F}$ &/tex-math&&/inline-formula&/2 transducer is driven to moderate nonlinear distortion and measured at the focal point with a 500-&inline-formula& &tex-math notation="LaTeX"&$mu text{m}$ &/tex-math&&/inline-formula& membrane hydrophone, then spatial averaging errors are approximately 16% (&inline-formula& &tex-math notation="LaTeX"&${p}_{c}$ &/tex-math&&/inline-formula&), 12% (&inline-formula& &tex-math notation="LaTeX"&${p}_{r}$ &/tex-math&&/inline-formula&), and 24% (pulse intensity integral). The formulas are based on circular transducers but also provide plausible upper bounds for spatial averaging errors for transducers with rectangular-transmit apertures, such as linear and phased arrays.

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