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High-Energy and Long-Lifespan Potassium–Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Concentrated Electrolyte

机译:High-Energy and Long-Lifespan Potassium–Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Concentrated Electrolyte

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摘要

Potassium–sulfur (K–S) batteries are emerging as low-cost and high-capacityenergy-storage technology. However, conventional K–S batteries suffer fromtwo critical issues that have not yet been successfully resolved: the dissolutionof potassium polysulfides (KPS) into the liquid electrolyte and the formationof K dendrites on the K metal anode, which lead to inadequate cyclingefficiencies with a low reversible capacity. Herein, a high-capacity and longcycle-life K–S battery consisting of a highly concentrated electrolyte (HCE)(4.34 mol kg~(?1) potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in a 1,2-Dimethoxyethane)and a sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode is presented The applicationof a HCE efficiently suppresses the dendritic growth of K, as evidencedby operando optical imaging and phase field modeling, owing to the reducedK-ion depletion on the electrode surface and a uniform Faradaic currentdensity over the K metal anode surface. Additionally, because S is covalentlybonded to the C backbone of PAN in the SPAN structure, the SPAN cathodeinhibits the dissolution of KPS. These features generate synergy that the proposedK–S battery can provide a practical areal capacity of 2.5 mAh cm?2 andunprecedented lifetimes with high Coulombic efficiencies over 700 cycles.

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