Elastic waves cause energy loss during the transmission of coal measures. These losses include propagation loss, dielectric absorption loss, scattering loss, and frequency migration loss. The absorption loss is mainly caused by the inelastic absorption. The scattering loss is caused by the uneven heat absorption in the formation. The frequency shift loss is caused by the piezoelectric effect of coal-bearing formations and the intermodulation of different frequency signals. After considering the influence factors of the coal seam structure, this paper presents a model of low-frequency elastic waves loss coefficient. The paper proposed the loss coefficient of the elastic wave in the coal measure strata by considering two main attenuation mechanisms: intrinsic absorption and scattering. This paper theoretically studied the effects of the model parameters such as density, porosity, particle size, and wave frequency on the loss of wave energy using COMSOL simulation. Besides, the comparison of MATLAB simulation results shows that the simulation results produced by the model proposed in this paper are similar to the models embedded in COMSOL. This work can be applied to coal, oil, and gas exploration and is also helpful to study the mechanisms of wave attention on the low-frequency band.
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