Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are efficacious treatments for several cancers. However, most patients fail to demonstrate durable complete responses. The gut microbiome composition influences the ICPI response. Two recent proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the utility of fecal microbiota transplantation to transform ICPI responsiveness in refractory patients, providing intriguing evidence for the future of micro biota modulation within oncology.
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