The paper is devoted to a relatively new, promising class of lidar systems called S-lidars (the S symbol comes from Scheimpflug), which is gradually becoming a recognizable, popular laser remote sensing tool. We analyzed their potential range-domain capabilities from different angles. A generalized structure of S-lidars combining the methods and approaches used has been developed that emphasizes specific features of their design and operation and distinguishes them from classic lidars as predecessors. Based on the introduced Q-factor of range resolution quality, we proposed to describe the boundaries and variability of the operation range as the depth of field of sharply focused images, where the required spatial selectivity is still provided. It has been shown how to optimize the range-domain characteristics of S-lidars according to the criterion of maximum operation range length and how to justify and algorithmize the proper selection of instrument parameters. We have proposed a range-domain efficiency criterion of S-lidars based on comparison of any real lidar with an optimized one in terms of achieved operation range taking into account its possible narrowing from far and near border. Requirements for lidar parameters were formulated to provide a range resolution of 1 m at the far border, remote at 1 km. An algorithm for solving the synthesis problem as a sequence of selecting instrumental parameters to ensure the required characteristics has been developed. The results of the analysis and synthesis of S-lidar systems under discussion can be adapted to a wide range of specific applications, which confirms the prospects of this class of imaging-based laser diagnostic devices.
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