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首页> 外文期刊>Bird Study >Breeding of the endemic Azores Woodpigeon Columba palumbus azorica: a two-year study on Pico Island
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Breeding of the endemic Azores Woodpigeon Columba palumbus azorica: a two-year study on Pico Island

机译：特有亚速尔群岛木鸽Columba palumbus azorica的繁殖：在皮克岛进行的为期两年的研究

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Capsule The Azores Woodpigeon Columba palumbus azorica nested in low altitude forests dominated by native Morella faya, and had an extended breeding season, with high failure rates, particularly during incubation. Aims This work aimed to study the breeding phenology, nesting habitat, clutch size and nesting success of the Azores Woodpigeon. Methods Areas for nest searching were defined randomly. A total of 125 nests were monitored during two breeding seasons on Pico Island, Azores. Survival rates were calculated according to Mayfield method. Results Although most nests were found in forests dominated by introduced Pittosporum undulatum, our study highlights a strong selection for those dominated by native Morella faya. The Azores Woodpigeon seemed to avoid native Laurel forest for nesting. There was a preference for nesting in small or medium trees. Nests heights ranged between 3 and 14 m, with a mean (+/- se) of 7.0 +/- 0.2 m. Egg laying occurred from late-February to early-August (in 2016) or to early-September (in 2017). Clutch size did not vary with time; its mean value was 1.72 +/- 0.05 eggs (range: 1-2 eggs). The probability of breeding success was estimated at 0.204 +/- 0.113 in 2016 and 0.152 +/- 0.103 in 2017. In both years, breeding failure mostly occurred during incubation. Survival differed between the two main nesting habitats, being higher in forests dominated by Morella faya. Conclusions The Azores Woodpigeon does not seem to rely on native Laurel forest for nesting, which confirms previous results. Its preference and higher survival in another strongly threatened habitat is cause for concern. The probability of breeding success was higher than previously reported but still low. Illegal hunting of adult birds, because of alleged damages to crops, might partially explain the high proportion of eggs that did not hatch.
机译：胶囊 亚速尔群岛木鸽 Columba palumbus azorica 筑巢在以本地莫雷拉为主的低海拔森林中，繁殖季节较长，失败率高，尤其是在孵化期间。目的 研究亚速尔群岛林鸽的繁殖物候、筑巢栖息地、离合器大小和筑巢成功率。方法 随机定义巢穴搜索区域。在亚速尔群岛皮库岛的两个繁殖季节，共监测了125个巢穴。根据Mayfield方法计算存活率。结果 虽然大多数巢穴都发现在以外来的Pittosporum undulatum为主的森林中，但我们的研究强调了对那些以本地Morella faya为主的森林的强烈选择。亚速尔群岛木鸽似乎避开了本地的月桂树林筑巢。人们更喜欢在小型或中型树木中筑巢。巢高在3至14米之间，平均（+/-标准误差）为7.0+/- 0.2米。产卵发生在2月下旬至8月上旬（2016年）或9月上旬（2017年）。离合器尺寸不随时间变化;其平均值为 1.72 +/- 0.05 个鸡蛋（范围：1-2 个鸡蛋）。2016年育种成功的概率估计为0.204 +/- 0.113,2017年为0.152 +/- 0.103。在这两年中，繁殖失败大多发生在孵化期间。两个主要筑巢栖息地的存活率不同，在以莫雷拉为主的森林中存活率更高。结论 亚速尔群岛林鸽似乎不依赖本地月桂林筑巢，这证实了先前的研究结果。它在另一个受到严重威胁的栖息地中的偏好和更高的存活率令人担忧。育种成功的概率高于先前报道的概率，但仍较低。由于据称对农作物造成损害，非法猎杀成年鸟类可能部分解释了未孵化的卵比例很高的原因。

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