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Use and selection of roost sites by Eurasian Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Bulgaria

机译：保加利亚欧亚狮鹫秃鹫（Eurasian Griffon Vultures）和黄褐石（Gyps fulvus）栖息地的选择

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Capsule Roosting behaviour during the pre-breeding season is an important part of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus life cycle. We demonstrate the importance of roost site selection and its relation to the breeding distribution of the Griffon Vulture. Aims To quantify the distribution, population size, age structure and roosting site selection of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture in the Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria during the pre-breeding season. Methods We used correlation analysis and generalized linear mixed models to examine the relationship between the vultures use of roost sites and their distribution in relation to topographic variables. We additionally used GPS telemetry data from 25 birds to study and compare the use of roosting cliffs. Results During the 14-year survey period the number of roosting Eurasian Griffon Vultures gradually increased from 25 birds in 2005 to 201 in 2018. We recorded 16 cliffs used by 124 +/- 51 (sd) vultures for roosting. The number of non-adult vultures increased by 25 and reached 41 of all the recorded birds in the last year of the survey. We found that the number of breeding pairs correlated positively with the number of roosting vultures (r( )= 0.85) and that roosting cliff selection was determined by cliff length and height, distance to the nearest feeding site, and whether the cliff was used for breeding. Conclusions Cliffs regularly used by vultures in the pre-breeding season, were afterwards used for breeding. Thus, cliffs used in the pre-breeding season for roosting could be used as an index for the breeding distribution of the species, and should be protected to sustain the species in and out of the breeding season.
机译：繁殖前季节的荚壳栖息行为是欧亚狮鹫秃鹫（Gyps fulvus）生命周期的重要组成部分。我们证明了栖息地选择的重要性及其与狮鹫秃鹫繁殖分布的关系。目的 量化保加利亚东罗多彼地区欧亚狮鹫秃鹫在繁殖前季节的分布、种群规模、年龄结构和栖息地点选择。方法 采用相关性分析和广义线性混合模型，研究秃鹫栖息地利用与地形变量分布的关系。我们还使用了来自25只鸟类的GPS遥测数据来研究和比较栖息悬崖的使用情况。结果 在14年的调查期间，栖息的欧亚狮鹫秃鹫数量从2005年的25只逐渐增加到2018年的201只。我们记录了 16 个悬崖，供 124 +/- 51 （sd） 秃鹫栖息。在调查的最后一年，非成年秃鹫的数量增加了25%，达到所有记录鸟类的41%。研究发现，繁殖对的数量与栖息的秃鹫数量呈正相关（r（）=0.85），栖息悬崖的选择取决于悬崖的长度和高度、与最近觅食地点的距离以及悬崖是否用于繁殖。结论 秃鹫在繁殖前期经常使用的悬崖，之后用于繁殖。因此，在繁殖前季节用于栖息的悬崖可以作为该物种繁殖分布的指标，并应加以保护，以维持该物种在繁殖季节内外的生存。

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