Offshore Wind Energy and Marine Biodiversity in the North Sea: Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Benthic Communities

Li Chen; Coolen Joop W. P.; Scherer LauraMogollón José M.Braeckman UlrikeVanaverbeke JanTukker ArnoldSteubing Bernhard

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Offshore Wind Energy and Marine Biodiversity in the North Sea: Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Benthic Communities

机译：Offshore Wind Energy and Marine Biodiversity in the North Sea: Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Benthic Communities

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Large-scale offshore wind energy developments represent a major player in the energy transition but are likely to have (negative or positive) impacts on marine biodiversity. Wind turbine foundations and sour protection often replace soft sediment with hard substrates, creating artificial reefs for sessile dwellers. Offshore wind farm (OWF) furthermore leads to a decrease in (and even a cessation of) bottom trawling, as this activity is prohibited in many OWFs. The long-term cumulative impacts of these changes on marine biodiversity remain largely unknown. This study integrates such impacts into characterization factors for life cycle assessment based on the North Sea and illustrates its application. Our results suggest that there are no net adverse impacts during OWF operation on benthic communities inhabiting the original sand bottom within OWFs. Artificial reefs could lead to a doubling of species richness and a two-order-of-magnitude increase of species abundance. Seabed occupation will also incur in minor biodiversity losses in the soft sediment. Our results were not conclusive concerning the trawling avoidance benefits. The developed characterization factors quantifying biodiversity-related impacts from OWF operation provide a stepping stone toward a better representation of biodiversity in life cycle assessment.

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《Environmental Science & Technology: ES&T》 |2023年第16期|6455-6464|共10页
作者
Li Chen; Coolen Joop W. P.; Scherer LauraMogollón José M.Braeckman UlrikeVanaverbeke JanTukker ArnoldSteubing Bernhard;
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作者单位

Leiden University;

Wageningen Marine Research;

Ghent UniversityRoyal Belgian Institute for Natural Science;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类环境科学、安全科学;
关键词
offshore wind farms; marine ecosystems; characterization factors; species richness; species abundance; seabed occupation; artificial reef; trawling avoidance;

Offshore Wind Energy and Marine Biodiversity in the North Sea: Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Benthic Communities

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