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Ink Design Enabling Slot-Die Coated Perovskite Solar Cells with 22 Power Conversion Efficiency, Micro-Modules, and 1 Year of Outdoor Performance Evaluation

机译:Ink Design Enabling Slot-Die Coated Perovskite Solar Cells with 22 Power Conversion Efficiency, Micro-Modules, and 1 Year of Outdoor Performance Evaluation

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The next technological step in the exploration of metal-halide perovskite solarcells is the demonstration of larger-area device prototypes under outdooroperating conditions. The authors here demonstrate that when slot-diecoating the halide perovskite layers on large areas, ribbing effects may occurbut can be prevented by adjusting the precursor ink’s rheological properties.For formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI_3) precursor inks based on 2-methoxyethanol,the ink viscosity is adjusted by adding acetonitrile (ACN) as aco-solvent leading to smooth FAPbI3 thin-films with high quality and layerhomogeneity. For an optimized content of 46 vol of the ACN co-solvent,a certified steady-state performance of 22.3 is achieved in p-i-n FAPbI3-perovskite solar cells. Scaling devices to larger areas by making laser seriesinterconnectedmini-modules of 12.7 cm2, a power conversion efficiency of17.1 is demonstrated. A full year of outdoor stability testing with continuousmaximum power point tracking on encapsulated devices is performed andit is demonstrated that these devices maintain close to 100 of their initialperformance during winter and spring followed by a significant performancedecline during warmer summer months. This work highlights the importanceof the real-condition evaluation of larger area device prototypes to validate thetechnological potential of halide perovskite photovoltaics.

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