There is increasing awareness that efficient and regular mitochondrial dynamics improvement cardiac function and affects the quality of life. Melatonin is a main pineal gland hormones and ameliorates mitochondrial dynamics in many cardiac disorders. For that purpose, we administrated melatonin to healthy rats all day long in order to investigate change in left ventricle mitochondrial dynamics both in the end of the nighttime and daytime. Twenty male Wistar rats (3-4 months age) were randomly assigned into Control (C; n = 10) and Melatonin groups (MEL; 10 mg/kg melatonin added drinking water, n = 10). On the 5th day of the study, 5 rats from the groups were randomly selected and euthanized at 08:00 AM and the remaining 5 rats were euthanized at 20:00 PM from each groups and samples of left ventricle (LV) tissue were harvested. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that melatonin acts preventive role on mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy through the DRP1/FIS1 and BNIP3/NIX axis, respectively. Additionally, melatonin administration significantly reduced P21 activation, induced cell cycle arrest, P27, finally regulated caspase-depended mitochondrial apoptosis signals in a time dependent manner. Our results suggest that melatonin may emerge as a therapeutic candidate to protect the bioenergetic dynamics of mitochondria in hearth.
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