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Evidence of an elevated source of nucleation based on model simulations and data from the NIFTy experiment

机译：基于模型模拟和NIFTy实验数据的高成核源证据

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摘要

New particle formation has been observed at a number of ground-based measurement sites. Prior research has provided evidence that this new particle formation, while observed in the near-surface layer, is actually occurring in atmospheric layers above the surface and appears to be focused in or close to the residual layer formed by the nocturnal inversion. Here, we present both observations and modeling for southern Indiana which support this postulate. Based on simulations with a detailed aerosol dynamics model and the Weather Research and Forecasting model, along with data from ground-based remote sensing instruments and detailed gas and particle phase measurements, we show evidence that (i) the maximum rate change of ultrafine particle concentrations as observed close to the surface is always preceded by breakdown of the nocturnal inversion and enhancement of vertical mixing and (ii) simulated particle size distributions exhibit greatest accord with surface observations during and subsequent to nucleation only when initialized with a particle size distribution representative of clear atmospheric conditions, rather than the in situ (ground-level) particle size distribution.
机译：在许多地面测量点都观察到了新的颗粒形成。先前的研究提供了证据，这种新的颗粒形成虽然在近地表层中观察到，但实际上发生在表面上方的大气层中，并且似乎集中在夜间反转形成的残留层中或附近。在这里，我们介绍了印第安纳州南部的观测结果和模型，这些都支持这一假设。基于具有详细气溶胶动力学模型和天气研究与预报模型的模拟，以及来自地面遥感仪器的数据以及详细的气相和颗粒相测量，我们显示出以下证据：（i）超细颗粒浓度的最大变化率因为靠近表面观察到的现象总是在夜间反转反转和垂直混合增强之前发生的;（ii）只有在成核过程中和成核之后，模拟的粒径分布才表现出与表面观察最一致的状态，只有在用代表透明的粒径分布进行初始化时大气条件，而不是原位（地面）粒度分布。

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