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Comparison of breeding bird trends between the Netherlands and Europe

机译：荷兰和欧洲种鸟趋势的比较

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Capsule Bird trends in the Netherlands are explained by habitat type rather than by rarity. Aims Inger et al. (2015. Common European birds are declining rapidly while less abundant species' numbers are rising. Ecol. Lett. 18: 28-36) concluded that in the period 1980-2009 populations of common European birds declined while less abundant species increased in number. The main aim of this paper is to test if this also holds for the Netherlands. Our first hypothesis proposes the opposite effect; namely that: (1) common birds have become more common and rare birds more rare. We tested three additional hypotheses: (2) that in the Netherlands, habitat type plays an important role in population change, with a strong decline of farmland species, (3) that larger birds have increased more than small birds; and (4) that insectivorous birds have decreased more than birds of other feeding guilds. Methods We used the same methodology as used by Inger et al. (2015) for 110 of the investigated 144 bird species that breed in the Netherlands. Results We found no significant effect on population change of rarity of the bird species in the Netherlands. So, neither the conclusion of Inger et al. (2015) nor our own contrasting hypothesis was supported. However, in line with our second hypothesis, we found a strong effect of habitat type, with a large decline of farmland species. In addition, we found an increase of forest and inland wetland species. These trends can mainly be attributed to agricultural intensification and a decrease in agricultural area, and to an increase of forest and inland wetland area and quality, respectively. Our third hypothesis was not supported. We found a non-significant positive effect of body weight on population trends. Finally, we found no support for our fourth hypothesis that insectivorous birds had declined. Conclusions We recommend further in-depth comparative analyses of bird trends in Europe, its regions and countries, as a basis for better-targeted conservation measures at different spatial scales.
机译：荷兰的胶囊鸟趋势是由栖息地类型而不是稀有性来解释的。Aims Inger 等人（2015 年。欧洲常见的鸟类正在迅速减少，而数量较少的物种数量正在增加。Ecol. Lett. 18： 28-36）得出的结论是，在1980-2009年期间，欧洲常见鸟类的数量下降，而数量较少的物种数量增加。本文的主要目的是测试这是否也适用于荷兰。我们的第一个假设提出了相反的效果;即：（1）普通鸟类越来越常见，珍稀鸟类越来越稀有。我们测试了另外三个假设：（2）在荷兰，栖息地类型在种群变化中起着重要作用，农田物种急剧减少，（3）大型鸟类比小型鸟类增加更多;（4）食虫鸟类比其他饲养行会的鸟类减少得更多。方法 我们使用了与Inger等人（2015）相同的方法，用于在荷兰繁殖的144种鸟类中的110种。结果 荷兰鸟类稀有度对种群变化无显著影响。因此，Inger等人（2015）的结论和我们自己的对比假设都没有得到支持。然而，与第二个假设一致，我们发现生境类型的影响很强，农田物种大幅减少。此外，我们发现森林和内陆湿地物种有所增加。这些趋势主要归因于农业集约化和农业面积的减少，以及森林和内陆湿地面积和质量的增加。我们的第三个假设没有得到支持。我们发现体重对种群趋势的正向影响不显著。最后，我们没有发现支持我们的第四个假设，即食虫鸟类已经减少。结论 我们建议进一步深入分析欧洲及其地区和国家的鸟类趋势，作为在不同空间尺度上采取更有针对性的保护措施的基础。

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