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An Ultrafast and Stable Li-Metal Battery Cycled at ?40 ℃

机译：An Ultrafast and Stable Li-Metal Battery Cycled at ?40 ℃

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摘要

Li-metal battery (LMB) suffers from the unexpected Li dendrite growth andunstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), especially in the extreme conditions,such as high rates and low temperatures (LT). Herein, a high-rateand stable LT LMB is realized by regulating electrolyte chemistry. A weakLi~+-solvating solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran is used as electrolyte solventto mitigate the kinetic barrier for Li~+ de-solvation. Moreover, a co-solventtetrahydrofuran with a high donor number is incorporated to improve the LTsolubility of Li salts, achieving an improved ionic conductivity while maintainingthe weak Li~+-solvation effect. Furthermore, abundant FSI- anions incontact-ion pairs are presented, facilitating the formation of a stable LiFenrichedSEI. Consequently, the LiLi battery can be operated at 10 mA cm~(-2)with a small polarization of 154 mV at ?40 ℃. Meanwhile, an outstandingcumulative cycling capacity of 4000 mAh cm~(-2) at 8.0 mA cm~(-2) is achieved,reaching a record high level in LT alkali metal symmetric batteries. Also,rechargeable high-rate and stable full batteries are achieved at ?40 ℃. Thiswork demonstrates the superiority of electrolyte chemistry for synergisticregulation of both ion transfer kinetics and SEI toward ultrafast and stablerechargeable LMBs at LT.

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