Expiratory Aerosol pH: The Overlooked Driver of Airborne Virus Inactivation

Beiping Luo; Aline Schaub; Irina Glas

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Expiratory Aerosol pH: The Overlooked Driver of Airborne Virus Inactivation

机译：Expiratory Aerosol pH: The Overlooked Driver of Airborne Virus Inactivation

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Respiratory viruses, including influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, are transmitted by the airborne route. Air filtration and ventilation mechanically reduce the concentration of airborne viruses and are necessary tools for disease mitigation. However, they ignore the potential impact of the chemical environment surrounding aerosolized viruses, which determines the aerosol pH. Atmospheric aerosol gravitates toward acidic pH, and enveloped viruses are prone to inactivation at strong acidity levels. Yet, the acidity of expiratory aerosol particles and its effect on airborne virus persistence have not been examined. Here, we combine pH-dependent inactivation rates of influenza A virus (LAV) and SARS-CoV-2 with microphysical properties of respiratory fluids using a biophysical aerosol model. We find that particles exhaled into indoor air (with relative humidity > 50) become mildly acidic (pH ~ 4), rapidly inactivating LAV within minutes, whereas SARS-CoV-2 requires days. If indoor air is enriched with nonhazardous levels of nitric acid, aerosol pH drops by up to 2 units, decreasing 99-inactivation times for both viruses in small aerosol particles to below 30 s. Conversely, unintentional removal of volatile acids from indoor air may elevate pH and prolong airborne virus persistence. The overlooked role of aerosol acidity has profound implications for virus transmission and mitigation strategies.

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《Environmental Science & Technology: ES&T》 |2023年第1期|486-497|共12页
作者
Beiping Luo; Aline Schaub; Irina Glas;
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作者单位

Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland;

Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-101S Lausanne, Switzerland;

Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, CH-80S7 Zurich, Switzerland;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类环境科学、安全科学;
关键词
influenza virus; SARS-CoV-2; aerosol acidity; airborne transmission; risk mitigation;

Expiratory Aerosol pH: The Overlooked Driver of Airborne Virus Inactivation

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