Sect.ZygophyllaofCalceolaria(Scrophulariaceae) in NW South America is revised. It is characterized by connate leaves with winged petioles, and most of the species have intercalary inflorescences. Fourteen species are recognized in the investigated area, one of which is described as new, viz.C. zamorana.Two new combinations are made, viz.C. nevadensisssp.meridensis(Pennell) Molau andC. purpurascens(Kranzlin) Molau. The chromosome number 2n = 36 is reported for six of the species, viz. C.calycina, C. dilatata, C. grandiflora, C. lanata, C. lojensis, andC. trilobala.The species of sect.Zygophyllaare completely interfertile, and sympatric species are isolated by external barriers, e.g. pollination and habitat ecology. Several cases of natural hybridization and introgression are reported.
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