MuIIerianosis was first described as a rare entity consisting of an admixture of cervical, tubaric, or endometrial epithelium within the. lamina propria and muscularis propria of the urinary bladder. This lesion occurs mainly in the Jome or posterior wall of the urinary bladder in women of fertile age. Its clinical presentation is characterized by hematuria, pelvic pain, and dysuria, nonspecific symptoms that are related to the responsiveness of miillerian glands to hormonal stimuli. The major interest of miilleriartosis resides in its similarity, from clinical, cytologic, and histologic viewpoints, to more threatening conditions, such as neoplasias. The clinical context and the identification of periglandular endometrial stroma at histologic examination with conventional hema-toxylin-eosin stain, as well as the immunohistochemical demonstration of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the glands, are of diagnostic utility in the differential diagnosis. Miillerianosis may be responsive to gonadotro-pin-releasing hormone agonists. Surgical resection may be justified in the case of clinical symptoms refractory to hormone therapy.
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