To optimize arc-weld quality, metal formers must understand the characteristics of the various shielding gases available, as well as their advantages and limitations. Shielding gas plays a vital role in the performance and quality achieved in a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) operation, preventing exposure of the molten weld pool from the atmosphere, where it can react with elements and lead to issues such as porosity and excessive spatter. Different shielding gases offer different weld-penetration profiles and arc stability; they also affect the weld's mechanical properties.
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