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Distribution of extractable heavy metals in different soil fractions

机译：不同土壤组分中可萃取重金属的分布

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摘要

Due to the difficulties of precisely characterizing environmentally contaminated soil, the effects of heavy metals on plants are studied using uncontaminated soil spiked with known quantities of heavy metals. One problem in using spiked soils is how accurately the distribution of metals mimics stabilized natural soils. We studied the distribution of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc in soil fractions after application in soluble form. The soil samples included a control (an uncontaminated Typic Argiudoll) and two samples spiked with either a moderate or high heavy metal concentration). After application of the salts the soils were subjected to wet/dry cycles over the course of three months. The soils were fractionated using a sequential chemical extraction procedure employing: (1) CaCl2, (2) NaOH, (3) Na(2)EDTA and (4) HNO3, HCl, and HF. Soil physical separation was carried out by ultrasonic dispersion. The heavy metal levels were determined using ICP-AES. Each heavy metal displayed a unique behavior when added to soil in the form of soluble salts. Cadmium and zinc remained in the soluble fraction, indicating that no equilibrium was attained, while nickel primarily appeared in the insoluble fraction. Chromium, copper and lead were distributed among various soil chemical fractions. The highest levels of all metals appeared in the clay fraction except lead which was mainly present in the silt fraction.
机译：由于难以精确表征受环境污染的土壤，因此使用添加了已知量重金属的未受污染土壤来研究重金属对植物的影响。使用尖刺土壤的一个问题是金属的分布如何准确地模仿稳定的天然土壤。我们研究了镉、铬、铜、铅、镍和锌在以可溶性形式施用后土壤组分中的分布。土壤样品包括一个对照组（未受污染的Typic Argiudoll）和两个添加中等或高重金属浓度的样品）。施用盐后，土壤在三个月内经历干湿循环。采用连续化学萃取法对土壤进行分馏，方法包括：（1）CaCl2、（2）NaOH、（3）Na（2）EDTA和（4）HNO3、HCl和HF。使用ICP-AES测定重金属含量。当以可溶性盐的形式添加到土壤中时，每种重金属都表现出独特的行为。镉和锌保留在可溶性部分，表明没有达到平衡，而镍主要出现在不溶性部分。铬、铜和铅分布在各种土壤化学组分中。除铅外，所有金属中含量最高的金属都出现在粘土部分，铅主要存在于淤泥部分。

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