Impact of Fallow Programs and Fumigants on Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) Management in Plasticulture Tomato

Cristiane Alves; Andrew W. MacRae; Clinton J. HunnicutTyler P. JacobyGregory E. MacDonaldPeter J. Dittmar

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Impact of Fallow Programs and Fumigants on Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) Management in Plasticulture Tomato

机译：Impact of Fallow Programs and Fumigants on Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) Management in Plasticulture Tomato

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With the loss of methyl bromide (MeBr) and high prices of alternatives, tomato growers are applying lower fumigant rates or adopting a reduced system. Without the broad-spectrum control provided by the complete fumigant system, a fallow weed program might be needed to avoid an increase in pest pressure with consecutive years of application of the reduced-fumigant system. Nutsedges are among the pests of interest due to their fast reproduction by underground structures and ability to spread and quickly infest a field. Field trials were conducted between February and December of 2011 in Balm, FL, to evaluate the impacts of fallow treatments, fumigants, and halosulfuron on nutsedge control. The trial design was a split-split plot with main, sub-, and subsubplots being fallow, fumigant, and herbicide treatment, respectively. Fallow treatments were spaced evenly throughout the fallow season and consisted of sequential combinations of cultivation (C) and/or glyphosate (G) applied at 2.24 kg ae ha~(-1); including: C, CC, G, GG, CG, GC, GCG, and NO (nontreated control). Fumigant treatments included a reduced-fumigant system of 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin 40:60 (1,3-D + pic) at 281 kg ha~(-1), a complete fumigant system of dimethyl disulfide pluschloropicrin 79:21 (DMDS + pic) at 545 kg ha~(-1), and no fumigant (NoFum). Herbicide treatments were either two POST applications of halosulfuron at 39 g ai ha~(-1) (Hal) or no halosulfuron (NoHal). In general, the fallow weed treatment GCG was the most effective in reducing nutsedge shoot emergence through the plastic mulch. When the reduced-fumigant system 1,3-D + pic was combined with GCG fallow treatment and halosulfuron (GCG: 1,3-D + pic:Hal), no differences were found between this combination and the complete fumigant system DMDS + pic with halosulfuron and combined with CC, G, GG, CG, GC or GCG. This study shows the importance of adding a fallow weed program and halosulfuron to either a reduced or complete fumigation system to minimize the reproduction and growth of nutsedges.

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《Weed technology: A journal of the Weed Science Society of America》 |2013年第2期|323-330|共8页
作者
Cristiane Alves; Andrew W. MacRae; Clinton J. HunnicutTyler P. JacobyGregory E. MacDonaldPeter J. Dittmar;
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Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC), Wimauma, FL 33598;

Agronomy Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110500, Gainesville, FL 32611;

Horticultural Sciences Department, P.O. Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611;

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正文语种英语
中图分类植物保护;
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Complete fumigant system; cultivation; methyl bromide alternative; reduced-fumigant system; weed control;

Impact of Fallow Programs and Fumigants on Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) Management in Plasticulture Tomato

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