Based on comprehensive computer modeling and numerical simulation of dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, it is demonstrated that by judicious use of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and distributed Raman amplifiers (DRAs), the Q factor and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) are improved compared with EDFA alone. This hybrid combination yields a 13.5-dB improvement in OSNR and a peak Q factor of 12.1 for the hybrid versus a peak of 8.1 when EDFA is used alone.
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