Fur seals were eliminated by sealers at Heard Island soon after its discovery in the 1850s. The first recorded breeding of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) since sealing was reported in early 1963 (two pups). The most recent survey of the Heard Island fur-seal population was undertaken between November 2000 and March 2001, when 1,012 Antarctic fur-seal pups were born. This represents a fourfold increase since the last complete census in 1987/1988 (13 years), when 248 births were recorded. Pup estimates and counts available for eight breeding seasons since 1962/1963 suggest the population has been increasing at between 12 and 20 per year. Based on pup production, the breeding population is estimated to number approximately 4,100 seals. The number of fur seals on Heard Island peaked in late February/early March at 29,256 indicating that, in addition to the breeding population, a significant number of seals born elsewhere haul out on the island. Most of these are moulting sub-adult and adult males. As in 1987/1988, only one subantarctic fur-seal pup (A. tropicalis) was observed, suggesting this species is not colonising the island, as has been speculated. References: 20
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