ABSTRACTConfined flow of ground water through a tunnel, which might be encountered in tunneling under the bottom of a sea or river, is numerically analyzed by a reductive finite element method formulated in our research. That is, the rate and potential distribution of the confined flow of ground water through an opening are obtained in connection with the permeability of rock masses, the thickness of covered ground, the location of impermeable bedrock, and other variables.In addition, flow through an opening in the ground with highly permeable masses and discharge of ground water through a tunnel in grouted masses are illustrated, and some useful results for the practical application of tunneling work are obtained.
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