AbstractA longitudinal study (from neonate to adult) was made of the display behaviour of 36 fence lizards from 8 clutches. A frame‐by‐frame analysis of 941 video‐taped displays revealed that the hatchlings possessed almost all of their adult display patterns by the first two days of life. Of the total variance in the display behaviour, 7 or less was attributed to experience. Of the variance among lizards, approximately half came from between clutches and half from between clutchmates. Our data indicate that the visual communication signals (head bob displays) of this vertebrate species are almost totally i
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