The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) has developed a thermodynamic model similar to that of IRSID to study slag-metal and slag-refractory equilibrium. This has proven to be a useful tool in inclusion engineering and steel plant investigations.The model calculates thermodynamic behavior (activities) of species in liquid slags and some solid solutions containing Al_2O_3, CaO, FeO, Fe_2O_3, MgO, MnO and SiO_2 and predicts phase boundaries or saturation limits of the oxide components and heir stoichiometric compounds. The slag model is coupled with models of liquid steel and oxide solid solutions through a Gibbs free energy minimization procedure to represent steel-inclusion equilibria in the presence or absence of a gas phase.Examples are provided on the use of the model for predicting liquid inclusion formation in calcium-treated linepipe steels, magnesium-silicon (Mn-Si) killed rail steels and the effects of alloy additions in spring steels and electrical steels.
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