(1) Fluctuations in the average total electrostatic energyEof the free ions of an electrolytic solution as calculated by the theory of Debye and Huuml;ckel are negligibly small in accessible concentration ranges. If dgr;E={Emacr;2mdash;(Emacr;)2}frac12;, then dgr;E/Emacr;=(mdash;kT/2Emacr;)frac12;; i.e., the ratio of the fluctuation in energy to the total energy is of the order of the square root of the ratio of the kinetic energy per degree of freedom of asingle moleculeto thetotalelectrostatic energy of the system. (2) A general relationship connecting free energyFand average electrostatic energyEmacr;is derived; for the case where the average potential around an ion is given by the Debyehyphen;Huuml;ckel formula,F=2Emacr;/3.
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