AbstractI review Tinbergen's “four problems of biology,” their antecedents, and their subsequent development in the hands of other writers. As they have been developed from writer to writer the “problems” have been transformed and altered in subtle ways, some of which appear counterproductive. I suggest that the divisions of the problems in terms of “proximate‐ultimate” and “how‐why” have had unfortunate consequences and I suggest a modest revision so that problems are considered in relation to the genesis, control, and conse
展开▼
