Subsea umbilicals provide the electric and hydraulicpower that is needed to operate subsea installations remotely formoffshore platforms. By tradition, umbilicals have beenmanufactured with hydraulic hoses made of thermoplasticmaterials, but they have had a short service life due to poorresistance to chemicals, diffusion problems and the fact that theyage quickly. Kvaerner Oilfield Products AS, one of the largestmanufacturers of underwater cables for the oil industry, hasdeveloped umbilicals made of stainless steel which last longer,withstand high pressure and are resistant to aggressive liquids.
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