AbstractMany kinds of chemical structures can undergo hydrolysis under conditions typically found in freshwater and marine systems with rates that are fast enough to make these reactions the dominant loss processes. Methods for estimating rate constants from structural activity relationships (SAR) and for measuring hydrolysis rate constants in the laboratory will be discussed as will limitations and complications in these procedures.Oxidations of organic structures by HO radical in the atmosphere and by RO2and singlet oxygen in water are complex processes ultimately driven by sunlight. In air oxidation is the single most important loss process; in water only a few classes of organic structures are readily oxidized. The principles governing these photooxidations, SAR for estimating rate constants and available laboratory methods for their measurement will be discussed.
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