Background and Objectives: Guidelines for bariatric surgery demand a psychological evaluation of applicants. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the presence of "psychological risk factors" predicts postoperative weight loss after gastric bypass. Methods: Medical records of obese women who underwent bariatric surgery between 2000 and 2004 were reviewed. Psychological assessment consisted of a one-hour semi-structured interview, summarized in a written report. Anthropometric assessment at baseline and 6,12,18 and 24 months after surgery included body weight, height and body mass index. Results: The mean BMI of included patients (N = 92) was 46.2 + 6,3 kg/m² (range 38.4 - 69.7). Based on the psychological assessment, 27 (N = 25) of the patients were classified as having "psychological risk factors" and 28 (N = 26) were diagnosed with a psychiatric diagnosis, most often major depression. Two years after gastric bypass, 16 of patients with "psychological risk factors" achieved an excellent result (EWL > 75) versus 39 of those without (p
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