Widespread dieback of the introduced noxious weedMimosa pigrawas observed during the dry months in monsoonal northern Australia. Stems were girdled by reddish‐brown lesions that generally originated from leaf axils.Botryodiplodia theobromaewas consistently isolated from the lesions and was shown to cause the symptoms. It is suggested that the occurrence of dieback is linked with the establishment of a stem‐boring moth introduced as a biological control agent forM. pi
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